Olympic Biathlon
Biathlon is a Winter Olympic Sport which combines cross country skiing with precision target shooting. There is also a warm weather variant called Summer Biathlon which replaces skiing with running. In a typical Winter race, a Biathlete is required to ski with his or her rifle over a set distance to a shooting range, where five shots at five knockdown targets 50 m down range are taken from prone position. Depending on the format, either a time penalty or penalty laps are assessed for missed shots. The racer then skiis another loop, and comes back to the shooting range for another set of shots - this time from a standing stance. Again penalties are assessed for missed shots. The biathlete then skiis a final loop to complete the race. A more complete description of the various race formats may be found here.
Though a seemingly unlikely combination of events - one is an aerobic activity which requires strength, speed, and endurance; the other is a passive activity which requires concentration and a steady hand (difficult after you've been skiing all out!), the biathlon concept evolved from two activities which have a long history - hunting and winter warfare